The exact crime Mia O’Brien was convicted of has not been confirmed, though life sentences in Dubai — typically around 15 years — are generally given for serious offenses such as drug trafficking, violent crimes, or terrorism. UK outlets suggest the case may involve a substance-related violation.

The U.K. Foreign and Commonwealth Office warns travelers:

“There is zero tolerance for drug-related offences. The penalties for trafficking, smuggling, using, and possessing illegal drugs (including residual amounts) are severe. Sentences for drug trafficking can include the death penalty. Possession of even the smallest amount of illegal drugs, including cannabis, can lead to a minimum three-month prison term or a fine of between 20,000 UAE dirham ($5,445) and 100,000 UAE dirham ($27,000+).

The Emirati authorities count the presence of drugs in the bloodstream as possession. Some ‘herbal highs’ and products containing cannabidiol (CBD) are illegal in the UAE. Possessing, concealing, or making transactions with money from drug-related offences is illegal.